Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a powerful technology for numerous biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct strengths such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article presents a thorough examination of hollow fiber membran

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensive review delves into the fundamentals of hollow fi